Design and Evaluation of a PMT High-Voltage system for Deepsea Neutrino Telescope
Authors
Zhu Mao
Shasha Liu
Ruike Cao
Hengbin Shao
Yaowei Guo
Sirui Wang
Fuyudi Zhang
Haoyan Zhang
Tailin Zhu
Yixi Jiang
Hao Zhou
Xin Xiang
Lei Wang
Abstract
We present the design and characterization of a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) high-voltage system developed for deep-sea neutrino telescopes. The system provides independently adjustable bias voltages to 31 three-inch PMTs inside a hybrid Digital Optical Module (hDOM). This paper describes the system design, control logic, test procedures, and the combined PMT-base performance, including baseline stability, gain uniformity, and timing accuracy. Performance was evaluated under laboratory conditions that simulate the deep-sea environment. Baseline measurements indicate low and stable electronic noise, while gain calibration using single-photoelectron spectra shows that all PMTs can be tuned to a common nominal gain and remain stable over multi-day operation. Transit-time-spread measurements yield values below 1.8 ns (FWHM), consistent with manufacturer specifications. These results demonstrate that the CW-based system delivers the stability and timing precision required for deep-sea
